What is Malocclusion: A Guide to Know and Treat Bad or Misaligned Bite
Having a properly aligned bite is essential for oral health, speech, and overall well-being. When teeth do not align properly, it can lead to a condition called malocclusion. This condition can cause discomfort, affect facial aesthetics, and lead to long-term dental complications. In this guide, we will explore what malocclusion is, the different types, its effects, and how it can be treated.
What is Malocclusion?
Malocclusion refers to the misalignment of teeth and jaws when the mouth is closed. It can be hereditary or caused by factors such as prolonged thumb sucking, prolonged pacifier use, missing teeth, or injury to the jaw. While some cases of malocclusion are mild and require no treatment, others can result in serious dental problems, including difficulty chewing, speech issues, and an increased risk of tooth decay and gum disease.
Malocclusion can also occur due to poor dental habits, early loss of baby teeth, or issues with jaw growth. In some cases, conditions like temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder or bruxism (teeth grinding) can worsen bite misalignment, leading to additional complications.
Types of Malocclusions
There are several types of malocclusions, each with its own characteristics and potential effects. Understanding these variations is essential in determining the appropriate treatment.
1. Crossbite
A crossbite occurs when some of the upper teeth sit inside the lower teeth when the mouth is closed. It can affect the front or back teeth and may lead to uneven jaw growth, excessive wear of enamel, and gum problems. Crossbites can also cause jaw pain and headaches due to the uneven stress placed on the jaw muscles.
2. Open Bite
An open bite anterior occurs when the upper and lower teeth do not touch when the mouth is closed, leaving a noticeable gap. This condition can lead to difficulties in chewing and speaking and may be caused by habits like tongue thrusting or prolonged thumb sucking. In severe cases, an open bite can contribute to improper jaw function, affecting the way the mouth moves when talking or eating.
3. Overbite
A dental overbite, also known as a deep bite, happens when the upper front teeth excessively overlap the lower front teeth. A severe teeth overbite can cause gum irritation, increased risk of wear on the lower teeth, and even jaw pain. If left untreated, an overbite can contribute to conditions like TMJ disorders, difficulty biting into food, and increased tooth sensitivity.
4. Overjet
An overjet, often confused with an overbite, occurs when the upper front teeth protrude outward significantly. This condition can lead to speech difficulties and an increased risk of injury to the front teeth. A reverse overjet, where the lower teeth extend beyond the upper teeth, is another variation that requires corrective treatment. Severe overjets can lead to breathing issues, excessive mouth breathing, and difficulties in closing the lips properly.
5. Underbite
An underbite, also known as a dental underbite, happens when the lower teeth extend past the upper teeth. It can result in difficulty chewing, speech problems, and jaw pain. Many people wonder, “Is underbite normal?” While minor underbites may not require treatment, severe cases can cause significant issues and may necessitate intervention, including underbite teeth removal in extreme situations. Underbites can also affect facial symmetry, making the lower jaw appear overly prominent.
Effects of Malocclusion
Malocclusion can impact oral health, facial structure, and overall quality of life. Here’s how each type affects the teeth and jaw:
1. Crossbite
A crossbite can lead to uneven wear on teeth, receding gums, and even jaw asymmetry. If left untreated, it can cause long-term issues with facial development. It may also contribute to chronic jaw pain and joint discomfort over time.
2. Open Bite
An open bite can make biting into foods like sandwiches or apples difficult. It can also contribute to speech problems, leading to lisps or difficulty pronouncing certain words. The gap left between the upper and lower teeth may also cause excessive strain on the jaw muscles, leading to fatigue and soreness.
3. Overbite
A severe overbite can cause the lower teeth to bite into the roof of the mouth, leading to pain and discomfort. Over time, a significant overbite may contribute to temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. Excessive overbite can also lead to a “gummy smile” appearance and difficulties in cleaning the lower teeth properly, increasing the risk of cavities.
4. Overjet
A reverse overjet, where the lower teeth extend beyond the upper teeth, can cause challenges in speaking clearly and an increased risk of dental trauma. This condition often results in a person feeling that their “teeth bite feels off.” A severe overjet may also cause psychological distress due to the aesthetic concerns associated with excessively protruding front teeth.
5. Underbite
Underbite effects can include chronic jaw pain, headaches, and difficulty with proper dental hygiene. When the lower jaw protrudes too much, it can create an imbalanced facial appearance and lead to early wear on the teeth. In some cases, underbites can cause difficulty breathing, especially during sleep, leading to conditions like sleep apnea.
Treatment and How to Fix Them
The treatment of overbite, underbite, and other forms of malocclusion depends on the severity of the condition. Here are some common treatment options:
- Braces: Traditional braces are one of the most effective ways to correct misaligned bites. They gradually shift teeth into the correct position.
- Clear Aligners: Invisalign and other clear aligners provide a discreet alternative to traditional braces and can fix mild to moderate malocclusion.
- Palatal Expanders: These devices are used in children to widen the upper jaw, helping to correct crossbites and prevent future complications.
- Tooth Extraction: In cases where there is overcrowding, removing one or more teeth may help align the remaining teeth properly.
- Jaw Surgery: Severe cases of underbite, overjet, or other misalignment issues may require surgical intervention to correct the position of the jaw.
- Retainers: Once orthodontic treatment is complete, retainers help maintain the corrected alignment.
If you are wondering how to fix an overbite or any other teeth bite problems, consulting a dental professional is the first step in finding the right treatment plan.
FAQs About Malocclusion
1. How much does it cost to fix an overbite, underbite, overjet, and open bite in the UK?
The cost varies depending on the severity of the condition and the treatment required. Braces typically range from £2,000 to £5,000, while surgery for severe cases can cost £10,000 or more.
2. Does the NHS fix overbite?
The NHS provides orthodontic treatment for severe cases, but waiting lists can be long. Liberty Dentists offers faster and more personalized treatment options.
3. Can a 100% overbite be fixed?
Yes, but it may require a combination of orthodontic treatment and surgery for severe cases.
4. Can I fix my underbite without surgery?
Mild underbites can be corrected with braces or clear aligners, but severe cases may require surgery.
5. How painful is underbite surgery?
Underbite surgery involves discomfort, but pain is manageable with prescribed medication and typically subsides within a few weeks.
6. Is it possible to fix an open bite without surgery?
Yes, mild to moderate open bites can be corrected with braces or clear aligners.
7. What happens if an open bite is left untreated?
Untreated open bites can lead to speech issues, difficulty chewing, and excessive strain on jaw muscles.
8. What happens if crossbite is left untreated?
An untreated crossbite can cause uneven tooth wear, jaw pain, and facial asymmetry.
9. How much is a severe overjet?
A severe overjet may require extensive orthodontic treatment, costing between £3,000 and £7,000.
10. How much does it cost to get braces for overjet?
Braces for overjet correction typically cost between £2,000 and £5,000, depending on the complexity of the case.
How Liberty Dentists Can Help
At Liberty Dentists, in Shoreditch, London and serving nearby areas like Hoxton, Bethnal Green, Liverpool Street, Hackney, and Spitalfields, we specialize in diagnosing and treating various types of malocclusion. Our team of experienced dental professionals is committed to helping patients achieve healthier, properly aligned smiles. We offer personalized treatment plans tailored to your specific needs, whether you need braces, aligners, or other orthodontic solutions.
If you are experiencing issues like an open bite anterior, dental overbite, or teeth underbite, we can help you find the right treatment. Contact Liberty Dentists today to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a healthier smile!
Our state-of-the-art clinic is equipped with the latest technology to provide advanced diagnostic and treatment solutions. Whether you’re looking for a minimally invasive approach or require a comprehensive orthodontic plan, we are here to assist you every step of the way.
